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Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Criminal Tattoo History & Tattoo meanings )〕 and record the wearer's personal history—such as his or her skills, specialties, accomplishments incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression. Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About - Criminal tattoo )〕 The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders. ==Tattooing in prison== Tattooing is forbidden in most prisons. It is therefore done in secret, with makeshift equipment. Some tattoos are made with ink created with melted rubber from the sole of a shoe, soot and/or ash, and urine for some sterilization. In Russian prisons, according to one source: :"...the pain does deter even the most macho convict from covering his body, all at once, with meaningful pictures. Tattoos are created by instilling pigment in the skin with thousands of needle pricks. In the camps, the process can take anywhere from a few hours to a few years, depending on the artist and his ambition, says Mr. Bronnikov. Because of prison conditions, tattoo artists have to improvise with materials and equipment. For instance, they will draw a picture on a wooden plank, place needles along the lines of the design, cover the needles with ink and stamp the whole tableau on the prisoner's body. Another method is to slice the image onto the skin with a razor and daub the cut with indelible ink. Usually, prisoners manage to get an electric shaver and a syringe with a needle, which they jury-rig into a tattooing machine. Ink is hard to come by, so to make dye, artists will often burn the heel of a shoe, and mix the ash with the prisoner's own urine -- a practice convicts believe reduces the chance of infection."〔By, N. B. (1992, Jul 29). Russian convicts use body language of their very own --- prison tattoos spell out lives of crime and establish the hierarchy of inmates. Wall Street Journal.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Criminal tattoo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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